Process of Preparing Esters and Ethers of Probucol and Derivatives Thereof

ABSTRACT

The current patent application provides methods for manufacturing compounds of Formula I  
                 
wherein all substituents are described herein.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent applicationSer. No. 60/564,267, filed Apr. 20, 2004.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides processes for the preparation of derivatives ofprobucol and, more specifically, to the preparation of ester and etherderivatives of probucol and derivatives thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

The present invention provides a process for preparing substitutedcompounds which are useful as medicinal agents, particularly asatherogenic agents and as agents useful in the areas ofpost-percutaneous coronary intervention restenosis, atherosclerosis, andother cardiovascular or inflammatory diseases and disorders.

Several series of phenolic structural derivatives related to theprobucol have been prepared and disclosed in the literature. U.S. Pat.No. 5,262,439 to Parthasarathy (issued Nov. 16, 1993), discloses analogsof probucol with increased water solubility in which one or both of thehydroxyl groups are replaced with ester groups that increase the watersolubility of the compound. The '439 patent reports that carboxylic acidderivatives of probucol compounds (as that term is defined in the '439patent) can be prepared by treating probucol compounds with an excess ofdicarboxylic acid anhydride and catalytic amounts of 4-dimethylaminopyridine at a temperature sufficient to ensure that the dicarboxylicacid anhydride is liquid. According to the disclosure, no anhydroussolvent is necessary under these conditions, as the anhydride itselfacts as a solvent.

In U.S. Pat. No. 6,147,250 (issued Nov. 14, 2000), compounds,compositions, methods for inhibiting the expression of VCAM-1, andmethods of preparing such compounds and compositions are disclosed. Thepatent reports that monoesters of probucol can be prepared by treatingprobucol in tetrahydrofuran with sodium hydride and an acid chloride oracid anhydride. In one example using this process, a monoester ofprobucol is prepared in approximately 14% yield following purificationby chromatographic methods.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,359 discloses and claims methods of manufacturing agroup of probucol derivative compounds found in the '250 patent. The'359 patent discloses the use of alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metalalkoxide, alkali ammonium alkoxide, and alkyl ammonium hydroxide to formalkali metal salts of the probucol derivative compounds and thenreacting the salts with a dicarboxylic acid anhydride.

A series of French patents have disclosed that certain probucolderivatives are hypocholesterolemic and hypolipemic agents: Fr 2.168.137(bis-4-hydroxyphenylthioalkane esters); Fr 2140771 (tetralinyl phenoxyalkanoic esters of probucol); Fr 2.140.769 (benzofuryloxyalkanoic acidderivatives of probucol); Fr 2.134.810(bis-(3-alkyl-5-alkyl-4-thiazole-5-carboxy)phenylthio)alkanes); Fr2.133.024 (bis-(4-nicotinoyloxyphenylthio)propanes); and Fr 2.130.975((bis-(4-phenoxyalkanoyloxy)-phenylthio)alkanes). Most notable withregards to the production of probucol derivatives is French PatentPublication No. 2.168.137, which describes the production of diesters ofprobucol by reacting probucol with a halide or anhydride of an organicacid in an inert solvent with heat and in the presence of a base such asan alkaline hydroxide or carbonate, or a tertiary amine (e.g.,triethylamine). The O-metal salt derivative of probucol is alsosuggested to be useful as the reaction intermediate.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/757,664, filed Jan. 13, 2003,teaches processes for the preparation of esters and ethers of probucolby reacting probucol or a free hydroxyl-containing probucol derivativewith a Grignard reagent or a lithium reagent to form a magnesium orlithium salt, followed by a reaction with an ester-forming orether-forming compound.

It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a simple andefficient process for the preparation of a select group of compoundssuch as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,147,250; 6,323,359; and5,262,439.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A facile process for the preparation of esters and ethers of probucol orprobucol derivatives is provided.

The invention includes a process for the manufacturing of a compound ofFormula I or its ester or salt thereof,

wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, and Z⁴ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen and alkyl, said alkyl optionally substituted byhydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, amino, halo, carboxy and cyano;Z⁵ and Z⁶ are the same or different and independently selected from thegroup consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl all of which can beoptionally substituted by hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, amino,halo, carboxy and cyano;Z⁵ and Z⁶ can come together to form a carbocyclic ring;M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an optionallysubstituted unsaturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and anoptionally substituted saturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated alkyl and optionally substitutedsaturated alkyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;or M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an optionallysubstituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and anoptionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;J is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substitutedunsaturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an optionallysubstituted saturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, saidoptionally substituted unsaturated alkyl and optionally substitutedsaturated alkyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;or J is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substitutedunsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and an optionallysubstituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, saidoptionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula II,

wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, Z⁵ and Z⁶ are as previously defined, with acompound of Formula III,

wherein Y is R² or NR²R⁵;R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ are independently selected from an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or an optionally substituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl;R¹ and R² can optionally come together to form a ring;R³ and R⁴ can optionally come together to form a ring;and a compound selected from the group consisting of a saturated orunsaturated acyl halide, saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acidanhydride and a saturated or unsaturated activated carboxylic acidester, all of which may optionally be substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of protected hydroxy,alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, protected amino, amino, halo, protectedcarboxy and cyano; or, a compound selected the group consisting of asaturated or unsaturated alkyl halide, saturated or unsaturatedalkyl-O-sulfonyl alkyl, a saturated or unsaturated alkyl-O-sulfonylaryl, a saturated or unsaturated alkyl-O-acyl, and a saturated orunsaturated epoxide, all of which may optionally be substituted by oneor more substituents selected from the group consisting of protectedhydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, protected amino, halo, protectedcarboxy, epoxide and cyano; and, separating and isolating the compoundof Formula I.

DEFINITIONS

The following definitions are provided in order to aid those skilled inthe art in understanding the detailed description of the presentinvention.

The terms “alkyl” or “alk”, alone or in combination, unless otherwisespecified, means a saturated straight or branched primary, secondary, ortertiary hydrocarbon from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, including, but notlimited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl,and sec-butyl. The alkyl group may be optionally substituted wherepossible with any moiety that does not otherwise interfere with thereaction or that provides an improvement in the process, including butnot limited to halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, acyl, aryl, acyloxy,amino, amido, carboxyl derivatives, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino,alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, cyano, sulfonic acid, thiol, imine, sulfonyl,sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfamonyl, ester, carboxylic acid, amide,phosphonyl, phosphinyl, phosphoryl, phosphine, thioester, thioether,acid halide, anhydride, oxime, hydrozine, carbamate, phosphonic acid,phosphonate, either unprotected, or protected as necessary, as known tothose skilled in the art.

Whenever a range of is referred to herein, it includes independently andseparately every member of the range. As a nonlimiting example, the term“C₁-C₁₀ alkyl” (or C₁₋₁₀ alkyl) is considered to include, independently,each member of the group, such that, for example, C₁-C₁₀ alkyl includesstraight, branched and where appropriate cyclic C₁, C₂, C₃, C₄, C₅, C₆,C₇, C₈, C₉ and C₁₀ alkyl functionalities.

In the text, whenever the term “C(alkyl range)” is used, the termindependently includes each member of that class as if specifically andseparately set out. As a non-limiting example, the term “C₁₋₁₀”independently represents each species that falls within the scope,including, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl,sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl,cyclopentyl, cyclopentyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl,3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl,3-ethylbutyl, 4-ethyl butyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, 1-methylhexyl,2-methylhexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 4-methylhexyl, 5-methylhexyl,6-methylhexyl, 1-ethylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 3-ethylpentyl,4-ethylpentyl, 5-ethylpenyl, 1-propylbutyl, 2-propylbutyl, 3-propybutyl,4-propylbutyl, cycloheptyl, octyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2-methylheptyl,3-methylheptyl, 4-methylheptyl, 5-methylheptyl, 6-methylheptyl,7-methylheptyl, 1-ethylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 3-ethylhexyl, 4-ethylhexyl,5-ethylhexyl, 6-ethylhextyl, 1-propylpentyl, 2-propylpentyl,3-propypentyl, 4-propylpentyl, 5-propylpentyl, cyclooctyl, nonyl,cyclononyl, decyl, or cyclodecyl.

The term “alkenyl”, alone or in combination, means a non-cyclic alkyl of2 to 10 carbon atoms having one or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds.The alkenyl group may be optionally substituted where possible with anymoiety that does not otherwise interfere with the reaction or thatprovides an improvement in the process, including but not limited tohalo, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, acyl, aryl, acyloxy, amino, amido,carboxyl derivatives, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, alkoxy,aryloxy, nitro, cyano, sulfonic acid, thiol, imine, sulfonyl, sulfanyl,sulfinyl, sulfamonyl, ester, carboxylic acid, amide, phosphonyl,phosphinyl, phosphoryl, phosphine, thioester, thioether, acid halide,anhydride, oxime, hydrozine, carbamate, phosphonic acid, phosphonate,either unprotected, or protected as necessary, as known to those skilledin the art.

The term “alkynyl”, alone or in combination, means a non-cyclic alkyl of2 to 10 carbon atoms having one or more triple carbon-carbon bonds,including but not limited to ethynyl and propynyl. The alkynyl group maybe optionally substituted where possible with any moiety that does nototherwise interfere with the reaction or that provides an improvement inthe process, including but not limited to halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyl,carboxyl, acyl, aryl, acyloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl derivatives,alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, cyano,sulfonic acid, thiol, imine, sulfonyl, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfamonyl,ester, carboxylic acid, amide, phosphonyl, phosphinyl, phosphoryl,phosphine, thioester, thioether, acid halide, anhydride, oxime,hydrozine, carbamate, phosphonic acid, phosphonate, either unprotected,or protected as necessary, as known to those skilled in the art.

The term “aryl”, alone or in combination, means a carbocyclic aromaticsystem containing one, two or three rings wherein such rings may beattached together in a pendent manner or may be fused. The “aryl” groupcan be optionally substituted where possible with one or more of themoieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,heteroaryl, heterocyclic, carbocycle, alkoxy, oxo, aryloxy, arylalkoxy,cycloalkyl, tetrazolyl, heteroaryloxy; heteroarylalkoxy, carbohydrate,amino acid, amino acid esters, amino acid amides, alditol, halogen,haloalkylthi, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, acyl, acyloxy,amino, aminoalkyl, aminoacyl, amido, alkylamino, dialkylamino,arylamino, nitro, cyano, thiol, imide, sulfonic acid, sulfate,sulfonate, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino,haloalkylsulfonyl, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfamoyl, carboxylic ester,carboxylic acid, amide, phosphonyl, phosphinyl, phosphoryl, thioester,thioether, oxime, hydrazine, carbamate, phosphonic acid, phosphate,phosphonate, phosphinate, sulfonamido, carboxamido, hydroxamic acid,sulfonylimide or any other desired functional group that does notinhibit the pharmacological activity of this compound, eitherunprotected, or protected as necessary, as known to those skilled in theart. In addition, adjacent groups on an “aryl” ring may combine to forma 5- to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic, aryl,heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring, which in turn may be substituted asabove.

The term “acyl”, alone or in combination, means a group of the formula—C(O)R′, wherein R′ is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, or aralkyl group.

The terms “carboxy”, “COOR” and “C(O)OH” are used interchangeably.

The terms “halo” and “halogen” and “halide”, alone or in combination,means chloro, bromo, iodo and fluoro.

The term “amino”, alone or in combination, means a group of the formulaNR′R″, wherein R′ and R″ are independently selected from a groupconsisting of a bond, hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl,wherein said alkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl may be optionallysubstituted where possible as defined above.

The term “nitro”, alone or in combination, denotes the radical —NO₂.

The term “substituted”, means that one or more hydrogen on thedesignated atom or substituent is replaced with a selection from theindicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valency isnot exceeded, and the that the substitution results in a stablecompound. When a substitutent is “oxo” (keto) (i.e., ═O), then 2hydrogens on the atom are replaced. If the term is used without anindicating group, an appropriate substituent known by those skilled inart may be substituted, including, but not limited to, hydroxyl, alkyl,alkenyl, acyl, nitro, protected amino, halo, protected carboxy, epoxide,and cyano.

The term “polar or charged functionality” means a polar or charged groupattached in place of one or more hydrogen atoms. Non limiting examplesinclude carboxy, hydroxy, amino, epoxide, etc.

The terms “protecting group” or “protected” means a substituent thatprotects various sensitive or reactive groups present, so as to preventsaid groups from interfering with a reaction. Such protection may becarried out in a well-known manner as taught by Greene, T. M. and Wuts,P. G. M., in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley andSons, Third Edition, 1999; Kocienski, P. J., in Protecting Groups,Thieme Medical Publications, 2^(nd) Edition, 2000; or similar texts. Theprotecting group may be removed after the reaction in any manner knownby those skilled in the art. Non-limiting examples of protecting groupsinclude trimethylsilyl, dimethylhexylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, andt-butyldiphenylsilyl, trityl or substituted trityl, alkyl groups, acylgroups such as acetyl and propionyl, methanesulfonyl, andp-toluenesulfonyl. For example, a protected carboxy could be selectedfrom one of the following:

The terms “acid anhydride” and “carboxylic acid anhydride”, alone or incombination means compounds having the formulas acyl-OC(O)R^(α),acyl-OC(O)OR^(α), acyl-OC(O)SR^(α), or acyl-OC(O)NR^(α)R^(β) whereinR^(α) is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,aryl, and aralkyl and R^(β) is selected from the group consisting ofalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl and a protecting group(as that term is defined herein). The terms also include compoundshaving the formula

wherein Z is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl and—(CH₂)NR^(β). All “carboxylic acid anhydrides” and “acid anhydrides” mayoptionally be substituted as defined herein.

The term “activated carboxylic acid ester” means compounds having theformula C(O)SR″ and C(O)OR″, wherein R″ is a substituted orunsubstituted aryl or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl.

The term “epoxide” means the radical

wherein all R groups are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl,aryl and arylalkyl wherein said alkyl, aryl and arylalkyl may optionallybe substituted with a polar functionality.

The terms “1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene”, “DBU” and the structure

are used interchangeably.

The terms “1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene”, “DBN” and the structure

are used interchangeably.

The terms “esters of probucol” and “esters of probucol derivatives” aredefined as probucol or probucol derivatives (as the case may be) whereinone or both of the phenol moieties are acylated. The term “monoesters ofprobucol” is defined as probucol wherein one of the phenol moieties areacylated. The term “diesters of probucol” is defined as probucol whereinboth of the phenol moieties are acylated.

The terms “ethers of probucol” and “ethers of probucol derivatives” aredefined as probucol or probucol derivatives (as the case may be) whereinone or both of the phenol moieties are alkylated.

The term “probucol derivative” refers to the compound

wherein at least one Z¹, Z², Z³, and Z⁴ is other than t-butyl and/or oneor both of Z⁵ and Z⁶ are other than methyl and/or one or both of M and Jare other than hydrogen.

The terms “probucol monosuccinate”, “MSP”, and the sturucture

are used interchangeably.

The terms “probucol disuccinate”, “DSP”, and the structure

are used interchangeably.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is concerned with processes for preparingcompounds of Formula I, which are useful as medicinal agents,particularly (but not limited to) in the areas of post-percutaneouscoronary intervention restenosis, atherosclerosis and other inflammatorydiseases or disorders.

In a broad description, the invention encompasses the method ofmanufacturing a compound of Formula I or its ester or salt thereof,

wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, and Z⁴ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen and alkyl, said alkyl optionally substituted byhydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, amino, halo, carboxy and cyano;Z⁵ and Z⁶ are the same or different and independently selected from thegroup consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl all of which can beoptionally substituted by hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, amino,halo, carboxy and cyano;Z⁵ and Z⁶ can come together to form a carbocyclic ring;M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an optionallysubstituted unsaturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and anoptionally substituted saturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated alkyl and optionally substitutedsaturated alkyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;or M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an optionallysubstituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and anoptionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;J is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substitutedunsaturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an optionallysubstituted saturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, saidoptionally substituted unsaturated alkyl and optionally substitutedsaturated alkyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;or J is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substitutedunsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and an optionallysubstituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, saidoptionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula II,

wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, Z⁵ and Z⁶ are as previously defined, with acompound of Formula III,

wherein Y is R² or NR²R⁵;R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ are independently selected from an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or an optionally substituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl;R¹ and R² can optionally come together to form a ring;R³ and R⁴ can optionally come together to form a ring;and a compound selected from the group consisting of a saturated orunsaturated acyl halide, saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acidanhydride and a saturated or unsaturated activated carboxylic acidester, all of which may optionally be substituted by one or moreselected from the group consisting of protected hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl,acyl, nitro, protected amino, amino, halo, protected carboxy and cyano;or a compound selected the group consisting of a saturated orunsaturated alkyl halide, saturated or unsaturated alkyl-O-sulfonylalkyl, a saturated or unsaturated alkyl-O-sulfonyl aryl, a saturated orunsaturated alkyl-O-acyl, and a saturated or unsaturated epoxide, all ofwhich may optionally be substituted by one or more selected from thegroup consisting of protected hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro,protected amino, halo, protected carboxy, epoxide and cyano; andseparating and isolating said compound of Formula I.

In a 2^(nd) embodiment, the invention is represented by the process tomanufacture a compound of Formula I or its ester or salt thereof,

wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, and Z⁴ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen and alkyl, said alkyl optionally substituted byhydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, amino, halo, carboxy and cyano;Z⁵ and Z⁶ are the same or different and independently selected from thegroup consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl all of which can beoptionally substituted by hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, amino,halo, carboxy and cyano;Z⁵ and Z⁶ can come together to form a carbocyclic ring;M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an optionallysubstituted unsaturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and anoptionally substituted saturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated alkyl and optionally substitutedsaturated alkyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;andJ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substitutedunsaturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an optionallysubstituted saturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, saidoptionally substituted unsaturated alkyl and optionally substitutedsaturated alkyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula II,

wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, Z⁵ and Z⁶ are as previously defined,with a compound of Formula III,

wherein Y is R² or NR²R⁵;R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ are independently selected from an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or an optionally substituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl;R¹ and R² can optionally come together to form a ring;R³ and R⁴ can optionally come together to form a ring;and a compound selected the group consisting of a saturated orunsaturated alkyl halide, saturated or unsaturated alkyl-O-sulfonylalkyl, a saturated or unsaturated alkyl-O-sulfonyl aryl, a saturated orunsaturated alkyl-O-acyl, and a saturated or unsaturated epoxide, all ofwhich may optionally be substituted by one or more selected from thegroup consisting of protected hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro,protected amino, halo, protected carboxy, epoxide and cyano; andseparating and isolating said compound of Formula I.

In a 3^(rd) embodiment, the invention is represented by the process tomanufacture a compound of Formula IV or its ester or salt thereof,

wherein J is selected from the group consisting of an optionallysubstituted unsaturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and anoptionally substituted saturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated alkyl and optionally substitutedsaturated alkyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula V,

with a compound of Formula III,

wherein Y is R² or NR²R⁵;R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ are independently selected from an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or an optionally substituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl;R¹ and R² can optionally come together to form a ring;R³ and R⁴ can optionally come together to form a ring;and a compound selected from the group consisting of a saturated orunsaturated alkyl halide, saturated or unsaturated alkyl-O-sulfonylalkyl, a saturated or unsaturated alkyl-O-sulfonyl aryl, a saturated orunsaturated alkyl-O-acyl, and a saturated or unsaturated epoxide, all ofwhich may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents selectedfrom the group consisting of protected hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl,nitro, protected amino, halo, protected carboxy, epoxide and cyano; andseparating and isolating said compound of Formula IV.

In a 4th embodiment, the invention is represented by the process tomanufacture a compound of Formula I or its ester or salt thereof,

wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, and Z⁴ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen and alkyl, said alkyl optionally substituted byhydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, amino, halo, carboxy and cyano;Z⁵ and Z⁶ are the same or different and independently selected from thegroup consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl all of which can beoptionally substituted by hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, amino,halo, carboxy and cyano;Z⁵ and Z⁶ can come together to form a carbocyclic ring;M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an optionallysubstituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and anoptionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;andJ is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substitutedunsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and an optionallysubstituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, saidoptionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula II,

wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, Z⁵ and Z⁶ are as previously defined,with a compound of Formula III,

wherein Y is R² or NR²R⁵;R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ are independently selected from an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or an optionally substituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl;R¹ and R² can optionally come together to form a ring;R³ and R⁴ can optionally come together to form a ring;and a compound selected from the group consisting of a saturated orunsaturated acyl halide, saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acidanhydride and a saturated or unsaturated activated carboxylic acidester, all of which may optionally be substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of protected hydroxy,alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, protected amino, amino, halo, protectedcarboxy and cyano; andseparating and isolating said compound of Formula I.

In a 5^(th) embodiment, the invention is represented by the process tomanufacture a compound of Formula IV or its ester or salt thereof,

wherein J is selected from the group consisting of an optionallysubstituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and anoptionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula V,

with a compound of Formula III,

wherein Y is R² or NR²R⁵;R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ are independently selected from an optionallysubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or an optionally substituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl;R¹ and R² can optionally come together to form a ring;R³ and R⁴ can optionally come together to form a ring;and a compound selected from the group consisting of a saturated orunsaturated acyl halide, saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acidanhydride and a saturated or unsaturated activated carboxylic acidester, all of which may optionally be substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of protected hydroxy,alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, protected amino, amino, halo, protectedcarboxy and cyano; andseparating and isolating said compound of Formula IV.

In a 6^(th) embodiment, the invention is represented by the process tomanufacture a compound of Formula IV or its ester or salt thereof,

wherein J is selected from the group consisting of an optionallysubstituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and anoptionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula V,

with a compound of Formula VI,

wherein R⁶ is selected from an optionally substituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or anoptionally substituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl;m is an integer selected from 1 to 7;n is an integer selected from 1 to 7;and a compound selected from the group consisting of a saturated orunsaturated acyl halide, saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acidanhydride and a saturated or unsaturated activated carboxylic acidester, all of which may optionally be substituted by one or moreselected from the group consisting of protected hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl,acyl, nitro, protected amino, amino, halo, protected carboxy and cyano;and separating and isolating said compound of Formula IV.

In a 7^(th) embodiment, the invention is represented by the process tomanufacture a compound of Formula IV or its ester or salt thereof,

wherein J is selected from the group consisting of an optionallysubstituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and anoptionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula V,

with a compound of Formula VII,

wherein m is an integer selected from 1 to 7;n is an integer selected from 1 to 7;and a compound selected from the group consisting of a saturated orunsaturated acyl halide, saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acidanhydride and a saturated or unsaturated activated carboxylic acidester, all of which may optionally be substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of protected hydroxy,alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, protected amino, amino, halo, protectedcarboxy and cyano; andseparating and isolating said compound of Formula IV.

In an 8^(th) embodiment, the invention is represented by the process tomanufacture a compound of Formula IV or its ester or salt thereof,

wherein J is selected from the group consisting of an optionallysubstituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and anoptionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula V,

with a compound of Formula VII,

wherein m is an integer selected from 1 to 7;n is an integer selected from 1 to 7;and a compound selected from the group consisting of succinic acidanhydride, glutaric acid anhydride, adipic acid anhydride, suberic acidanhydride, sebacic acid anhydride, azelaic acid anhydride, phthalic acidanhydride, maleic acid anhydride, and acetic acid anhydride, all ofwhich may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents selectedfrom the group consisting of protected hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl,nitro, protected amino, halo, protected carboxy and cyano; andseparating and isolating said compound of Formula IV.

In a 9^(th) embodiment, the invention is represented by the process tomanufacture a compound of Formula VIII, IX or X or its ester or saltthereof,

the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula V,

with a compound of Formula VII,

wherein m is an integer selected from 1 to 7;n is an integer selected from 1 to 7;and a compound selected from the group consisting of succinic acidanhydride, glutaric acid anhydride, and acetic acid anhydride, all ofwhich may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents selectedfrom the group consisting of protected hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl,nitro, protected amino, halo, protected carboxy and cyano; andseparating and isolating said compound of Formula VIII, IX or X.

In a 10^(th) embodiment, the invention is represented by the process tomanufacture a compound of Formula VIII, IX or X or its ester or saltthereof,

the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula V,

with a compound of Formula DBU or DBN,

and a compound selected from the group consisting of succinic acidanhydride, glutaric acid anhydride, and acetic acid anhydride, all ofwhich may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents selectedfrom the group consisting of protected hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl,nitro, protected amino, halo, protected carboxy and cyano; andseparating and isolating said compound of Formula VIII, IX or X.

In a 11^(th) embodiment, the invention is represented by the process tomanufacture a compound of Formula VIII or its ester or salt thereof,

the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula V

with a compound of Formula DBU,

and succinic acid anhydride;separating and isolating the compound of Formula VIII.

In a 12^(th) embodiment, the invention is represented by the process tomanufacture a compound of Formula VIII or its ester or salt thereof,

the process comprising:reacting a compound of Formula V

with DBU and succinic acid anhydride;

further comprising the addition of an alkaline carbonate; andseparating and isolating the compound of Formula VIII.

Further, while compositions and methods are described in terms of“comprising” various components or steps, the compositions and methodscan also “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the various componentsand steps.

Suitable solvents for carrying out the processes of the presentdisclosure are inert organic solvents, including but are not limited to,alcohols, aldehydes, amides, ethers, esters, halogenated solvents,hydrocarbons, glycols and glycol ethers, ketones, nitrites, and numerousother solvents common in chemical processes, as well as mixtures of suchsolvents. These inert solvents can be used alone or in combination, andcan be miscible or immiscible with each other.

Scheme

Scheme A as follows illustrates generally the process steps involved inthe preparation of the compounds of the present invention. Unlessotherwise indicated J, M, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, Y, Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, Z⁵, andZ⁶ in the reaction Scheme and the discussions that follow are defined asabove.

EXAMPLES

The following are non-limiting examples of the invention. It should beappreciated by those of skill in the art that the techniques disclosedin the examples which follow represent techniques discovered by theinventors to function well in the practice of the invention, and thuscan be considered to constitute preferred modes for its practice.However, those of skill in the art should, in light of the presentdisclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specificembodiments which are disclosed and still obtain a like or similarresult without departing from the scope of the invention.

Example 1

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet, thermocoupleand stir bar was charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mLanhydrous dimethylformamide. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) wasadded in 1 portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300 mL, 2.01 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was heated for an additional 1 h. Analysis byHPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 42% probucol monosuccinate, 6%probucol disuccinate, and 51% probucol by weight.

Example 2

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousdimethylformamide. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 nmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300 mL, 2.01 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged for an additional 1 h. Analysis byHPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 33% probucol monosuccinate, 5%probucol disuccinate, and 61% probucol by weight.

Example 3

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300 mL, 2.01 mmol) was added in Iportion and the reaction was aged for an additional 1 h. Analysis byHPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 34% probucol monosuccinate, 7%probucol disuccinate, and 59% probucol by weight.

Example 4

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydroustetrahydrofuran. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300 mL, 2.01 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged for an additional 1 h. The reactionwas slowly quenched with 1 N HCl, diluted with EtOAc and the phases wereseparated. Analysis by HPLC of the organic layer indicated 40% probucolmonosuccinate, 8% probucol disuccinate, and 51% probucol by weight.

Example 5

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrous1,4-dioxane. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 nmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300 mL, 2.01 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged for an additional 1 h. The reactionwas slowly quenched with 1 N HCl, diluted with EtOAc and the phases wereseparated. Analysis by HPLC of the organic layer indicated 41% probucolmonosuccinate, 16% probucol disuccinate, and 43% probucol by weight.

Example 6

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydroustoluene. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1 portionand the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300 mL, 2.01 nmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged for an additional 1 h. The reactionwas slowly quenched with 1 N HCl, diluted with EtOAc and the phases wereseparated. Analysis by HPLC of the organic layer indicated 32% probucolmonosuccinate, 4% probucol disuccinate, and 64% probucol by weight.

Example 7

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.075 mL, 0.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged for an additional 1 h. Analysis byHPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 15% probucol monosuccinate, 1%probucol disuccinate, and 83% probucol by weight.

Example 8

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet, thermocoupleand stir bar was charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mLanhydrous acetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 nmol) was addedin 1 portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.075 mL, 0.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was heated for an additional 1 h. Analysis byHPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 20% probucol monosuccinate, 1%probucol disuccinate, and 79% probucol by weight.

Example 9

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet, thermocoupleand stir bar was charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mLanhydrous acetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was addedin 1 portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was heated for an additional 1 h. Analysis byHPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 38% probucol monosuccinate, 7%probucol disuccinate, and 55% probucol by weight.

Example 10

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousdimethylformamide. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.075 mL, 0.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged for an additional 45 min. Analysis byHPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 12% probucol monosuccinate, 1%probucol disuccinate, and 87% probucol by weight.

Example 11

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydroustetrahydrofuran. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.075 mL, 0.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged for an additional 45 min. The reactionwas slowly quenched with 1 N HCl, diluted with EtOAc and NaCl and thephases were separated. Analysis by HPLC of the organic layer indicated22% probucol monosuccinate, 2% probucol disuccinate, and 76% probucol byweight.

Example 12

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrous1,4-dioxane. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.075 mL, 0.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged for an additional 45 min. The reactionwas slowly quenched with 1 N HCl, diluted with EtOAc and NaCl and thephases were separated. Analysis by HPLC of the organic layer indicated24% probucol monosuccinate, 3% probucol disuccinate, and 73% probucol byweight.

Example 13

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 nmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged for an additional 15 min. Analysis byHPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 25% probucol monosuccinate, 2%probucol disuccinate, and 73% probucol by weight.

Example 14

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet, thermocoupleand stir bar was charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mLanhydrous tetrahydrofuran. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) wasadded in 1 portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was heated for an additional 15 min. Analysisby HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 29% probucol monosuccinate, 3%probucol disuccinate, and 68% probucol by weight.

Example 15

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet, thermocoupleand stir bar was charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mLanhydrous dimethylformamide. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) wasadded in 1 portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was heated for an additional 15 min. Analysisby HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 28% probucol monosuccinate, 3%probucol disuccinate, and 69% probucol by weight.

Example 16

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousdimethylformamide. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00mmol) was added in 1 portion and the resulting solution was aged at roomtemperature. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged overnight. Analysis by HPLC of thereaction mixture indicated 25% probucol monosuccinate, 2% probucoldisuccinate, and 73% probucol by weight.

Example 17

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet, thermocoupleand stir bar was charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mLanhydrous dimethylformamide. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1 portion and the resulting solution washeated to 50° C. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was heated overnight. Analysis by HPLC of thereaction mixture indicated 26% probucol monosuccinate, 2% probucoldisuccinate, and 72% probucol by weight.

Example 18

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol)was added in 1 portion followed by an additional 2.5 mL of acetonitrileand the resulting solution was aged at room temperature. Succinicanhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1 portion and the reactionwas aged overnight. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated37% probucol monosuccinate, 8% probucol disuccinate, and 55% probucol byweight.

Example 19

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet, thermocoupleand stir bar was charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mLanhydrous acetonitrile. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL,1.00 mmol) was added in 1 portion and the resulting solution was heatedto 50° C. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1 portionand the reaction was heated overnight. Analysis by HPLC of the reactionmixture indicated 44% probucol monosuccinate, 10% probucol disuccinate,and 46% probucol by weight.

Example 20

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousdimethylformamide. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300 mL, 2.01mmol) was added in 1 portion and the resulting solution was aged at roomtemperature. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged overnight. Analysis by HPLC of thereaction mixture indicated 40% probucol monosuccinate, 9% probucoldisuccinate, and 51% probucol by weight.

Example 21

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 5.0 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol)was added in 1 portion and the resulting solution was aged at roomtemperature. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged overnight. Analysis by HPLC of thereaction mixture indicated 43% probucol monosuccinate, 12% probucoldisuccinate, and 45% probucol by weight.

Example 22

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 0.25 mL1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and 2.5 mL anhydrous acetonitrile.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1 portion and thereaction was aged for an additional 2 h. Analysis by HPLC of thereaction mixture indicated 43% probucol monosuccinate, 11% probucoldisuccinate, and 46% probucol by weight.

Example 23

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 0.25 mL1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and 2.5 mL anhydrous acetonitrile.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at 50° C. Succinic anhydride(250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1 portion and the reaction was heatedfor an additional 2 h. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixtureindicated 48% probucol monosuccinate, 15% probucol disuccinate, and 37%probucol by weight.

Example 24

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 0.25 mL1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and 2.5 mL anhydrous dimethylformamide.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at 50° C. Succinic anhydride(250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1 portion and the reaction was heatedfor an additional 2 h. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixtureindicated 34% probucol monosuccinate, 4% probucol disuccinate, and 62%probucol by weight.

Example 25

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 0.25 mL1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and 2.5 mL anhydrous 1,4-dioxane.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1 portion and thereaction was aged for an additional 2 h. The reaction was slowlyquenched with 1 N HCl, diluted with EtOAc and the phases were separated.Analysis by HPLC of the organic layer indicated 41% probucolmonosuccinate, 13% probucol disuccinate, and 46% probucol by weight.

Example 26

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 0.25 mL1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and 2.5 mL anhydrous tetrahydrofuran.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 nmol) was added in 1 portion and thereaction was aged for an additional 2 h. The reaction was slowlyquenched with 1 N HCl, diluted with EtOAc and the phases were separated.Analysis by HPLC of the organic layer indicated 45% probucolmonosuccinate, 15% probucol disuccinate, and 40% probucol by weight.

Example 27

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 0.25 mL1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and 1.0 mL anhydrous acetonitrile.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1 portion and thereaction was aged for an additional 2 h. Analysis by HPLC of thereaction mixture indicated 45% probucol monosuccinate, 13% probucoldisuccinate, and 42% probucol by weight.

Example 28

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 0.25 mL1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and 2.5 mL anhydrous 1,4-dioxane.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at 50° C. Succinic anhydride(250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1 portion and the reaction was heatedfor an additional 2 h. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixtureindicated 42% probucol monosuccinate, 10% probucol disuccinate, and 48%probucol by weight.

Example 29

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 0.25 mL1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and 2.5 mL anhydrous tetrahydrofuran.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at 50° C. Succinic anhydride(250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1 portion and the reaction was heatedfor an additional 2 h. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixtureindicated 43% probucol monosuccinate, 8% probucol disuccinate, and 49%probucol by weight.

Example 30

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 0.25 mL1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300mL, 2.01 mmol) was added in 1 portion. To the reaction mixture was added2.5 mL anhydrous acetone and the resulting solution was aged at roomtemperature. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the reaction was aged for an additional 2 h. Analysis byHPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 32% probucol monosuccinate, 5%probucol disuccinate, and 63% probucol by weight.

Example 31

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 0.25 mL1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and 5.0 mL anhydrous acetonitrile.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300 mL, 2.01 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1 portion and thereaction was aged for an additional 2 h. Analysis by HPLC of thereaction mixture indicated 44% probucol monosuccinate, 12% probucoldisuccinate, and 44% probucol by weight.

Example 32

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 0.50 mL1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea and 2.5 mL anhydrous acetonitrile.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300 mL, 2.01 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1 portion and thereaction was aged for an additional 2 h. Analysis by HPLC of thereaction mixture indicated 41% probucol monosuccinate, 9% probucoldisuccinate, and 50% probucol by weight.

Example 33

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged at room temperature.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.600 mL, 4.01 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was aged for an additional 1 h.Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 27% probucolmonosuccinate, 5% probucol disuccinate, and 68% probucol by weight.

Example 34

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.600 mL, 4.01 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated for an additional 1 h.Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 45% probucolmonosuccinate, 5% probucol disuccinate, and 50% probucol by weight.

Example 35

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300 mL, 2.01 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated for an additional 1 h.Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 49% probucolmonosuccinate, 18% probucol disuccinate, and 33% probucol by weight.

Example 36

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) and4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (60 mg, 0.49 mmol) were added and theresulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300 mL, 2.01 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated for an additional 1 h.Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 49% probucolmonosuccinate, 20% probucol disuccinate, and 31% probucol by weight.

Example 37

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 mmol) and4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (250 mg, 2.05 mmol) were added and theresulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.075 mL, 0.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated for an additional 1 h.Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 25% probucolmonosuccinate, 2% probucol disuccinate, and 73% probucol by weight.

Example 38

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (150 mg, 1.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.225 mL, 1.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated for an additional 2 h.Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 46% probucolmonosuccinate, 11% probucol disuccinate, and 42% probucol by weight.

Example 39

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (250 mg, 2.50 nmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.225 mL, 1.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated for an additional 2 h.Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 46% probucolmonosuccinate, 14% probucol disuccinate, and 40% probucol by weight.

Example 40

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 miol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (150 mg, 1.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.300 mL, 2.01 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated for an additional 2 h.Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 49% probucolmonosuccinate, 10% probucol disuccinate, and 41% probucol by weight.

Example 41

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (150 mg, 1.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated for an additional 2 h.Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 44% probucolmonosuccinate, 11% probucol disuccinate, and 45% probucol by weight.

Example 42

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (75 mg, 0.75 nmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.150 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated for an additional 2 h.Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 36% probucolmonosuccinate, 5% probucol disuccinate, and 59% probucol by weight.

Example 43

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (75 mg, 0.75 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated to 50° C.1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.225 mL, 1.50 mmol) was added in 1portion and the resulting solution was heated for an additional 2 h.Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 35% probucolmonosuccinate, 3% probucol disuccinate, and 62% probucol by weight.

Example 44

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol), succinic anhydride (250 mg,2.50 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (140 mg, 1.01 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousdimethylformamide. The resulting reaction mixture was charged with1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.025 mL, 0.17 mmol) and agedovernight. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 11%probucol monosuccinate, 1% probucol disuccinate, and 88% probucol byweight.

Example 45

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol), succinic anhydride (250 mg,2.50 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (330 mg, 1.01 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousdimethylformamide. The resulting reaction mixture was charged with1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.025 mL, 0.17 mmol) and agedovernight. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 25%probucol monosuccinate, 2% probucol disuccinate, and 73% probucol byweight.

Example 46

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol), succinic anhydride (250 mg,2.50 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (140 mg, 1.01 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. The resulting reaction mixture was charged with1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.025 mL, 0.17 mmol) and agedovernight. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 7%probucol monosuccinate, <1% probucol disuccinate, and 93% probucol byweight.

Example 47

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol), succinic anhydride (250 mg,2.50 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (330 mg, 1.01 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. The resulting reaction mixture was charged with1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.025 mL, 0.17 mmol) and agedovernight. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 7%probucol monosuccinate, <1% probucol disuccinate, and 92% probucol byweight.

Example 48

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol), succinic anhydride (250 mg,2.50 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (140 mg, 1.01 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousdimethylformamide. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 50° C.and then charged with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.025 mL, 0.17mmol) and heated overnight. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixtureindicated 14% probucol monosuccinate, <1% probucol disuccinate, and 86%probucol by weight.

Example 49

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol), succinic anhydride (250 mg,2.50 nmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (330 mg, 1.01 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousdimethylformamide. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 50° C.and then charged with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.025 mL, 0.17mmol) and heated for an additional 2 h. Analysis by HPLC of the reactionmixture indicated 19% probucol monosuccinate, 1% probucol disuccinate,and 80% probucol by weight.

Example 50

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol), succinic anhydride (250 mg,2.50 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (140 mg, 1.01 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. andthen charged with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.025 mL, 0.17mmol) and heated overnight. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixtureindicated 28% probucol monosuccinate, 3% probucol disuccinate, and 69%probucol by weight.

Example 51

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol), succinic anhydride (250 mg,2.50 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (330 mg, 1.01 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. andthen charged with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.025 mL, 0.17mmol) and heated overnight. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixtureindicated 40% probucol monosuccinate, 8% probucol disuccinate, and 52%probucol by weight.

Example 52

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. Succinic anhydride (150 mg, 1.50 mmol) was added and theresulting solution was heated to 50° C. 1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene(0.180 mL, 0.15 nmol) was added and the solution was heated for anadditional 1 h. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated 44%probucol monosuccinate, 9% probucol disuccinate, and 47% probucol byweight.

Example 53

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol), succinic anhydride (150 mg,1.50 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (330 mg, 1.01 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrousacetonitrile. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. andthen charged with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.075 mL, 0.50mmol) and heated overnight. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixtureindicated 42% probucol monosuccinate, 9% probucol disuccinate, and 49%probucol by weight.

Example 54

In a dry 10 mL round bottom fitted with a nitrogen inlet and stir barwas charged probucol (0.25 g, 0.48 mmol), succinic anhydride (150 mg,1.50 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (330 mg, 1.01 mmol) followed by 2.5 mL anhydrous2-butanone. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. and thencharged with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.075 mL, 0.50 mmol)and heated overnight. Analysis by HPLC of the reaction mixture indicated32% probucol monosuccinate, 4% probucol disuccinate, and 64% probucol byweight.

All of the processes disclosed and claimed herein can be made andexecuted without undue experimentation in light of the presentdisclosure. It will be apparent to those of skill in the art thatvariations may be applied to the methods described herein withoutdeparting from the concept and scope of the invention.

1. A process of manufacturing a compound of Formula I or its ester orsalt thereof,

wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, and Z⁴ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen and alkyl, said alkyl optionally substituted byhydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, amino, halo, carboxy and cyano; Z⁵and Z⁶ are the same or different and independently selected from thegroup consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl all of which can beoptionally substituted by hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, amino,halo, carboxy and cyano; Z⁵ and Z⁶ can come together to form acarbocyclic ring; M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,an optionally substituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbonatoms, and an optionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18carbon atoms, said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl andoptionally substituted saturated acyl optionally containing a polar orcharged functionality; and J is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally substituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atomsand an optionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbonatoms, said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionallysubstituted saturated acyl optionally containing a polar or chargedfunctionality; the process comprising: reacting a compound of Formula II

wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, Z⁵ and Z⁶ are as previously defined, with acompound of Formula III,

wherein Y is R² or NR²%⁵; R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ are independentlyselected from an optionally substituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or an optionallysubstituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl; R¹ and R² can optionally come together toform a ring; R³ and R⁴ can optionally come together to form a ring; anda compound selected from the group consisting of a saturated orunsaturated acyl halide, saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acidanhydride and a saturated or unsaturated activated carboxylic acidester, all of which may optionally be substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of protected hydroxy,alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, protected amino, amino, halo, protectedcarboxy and cyano; and separating and isolating the compound of FormulaI.
 2. The process of claim 1 to manufacture a compound of Formula IV orits ester or salt thereof,

wherein J is selected from the group consisting of an optionallysubstituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and anoptionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising: reacting a compound of Formula V

with a compound of Formula III,

wherein Y is R² or NR²R⁵; R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ are independentlyselected from an optionally substituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or an optionallysubstituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl; R¹ and R² can optionally come together toform a ring; R³ and R⁴ can optionally come together to form a ring; anda compound selected from the group consisting of a saturated orunsaturated acyl halide, saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acidanhydride and a saturated or unsaturated activated carboxylic acidester, all of which may optionally be substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of protected hydroxy,alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, protected amino, amino, halo, protectedcarboxy and cyano; and separating and isolating the compound of FormulaIV.
 3. The process of claim 1 to manufacture a compound of Formula IV orits ester or salt thereof,

wherein J is selected from the group consisting of an optionallysubstituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and anoptionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising: reacting a compound of Formula V

with a compound of Formula VI,

wherein R⁶ is selected from an optionally substituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or anoptionally substituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl; m is an integer selected from 1to 7; n is an integer selected from 1 to 7; and a compound selected fromthe group consisting of a saturated or unsaturated acyl halide,saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride and a saturated orunsaturated activated carboxylic acid ester, all of which may optionallybe substituted by one or more substituents selected from the groupconsisting of protected hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, protectedamino, amino, halo, protected carboxy and cyano; and separating andisolating said compound of Formula IV.
 4. The process of claim 1 tomanufacture a compound of Formula IV or its ester or salt thereof,

wherein J is selected from the group consisting of an optionallysubstituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and anoptionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising: reacting a compound of Formula V

with a compound of Formula VII,

wherein m is an integer selected from 1 to 7; n is an integer selectedfrom 1 to 7; and a compound selected from the group consisting of asaturated or unsaturated acyl halide, saturated or unsaturatedcarboxylic acid anhydride and a saturated or unsaturated activatedcarboxylic acid ester, all of which may optionally be substituted by oneor more substituents selected from the group consisting of protectedhydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, protected amino, amino, halo,protected carboxy and cyano; and separating and isolating said compoundof Formula IV.
 5. The process of claim 1 to manufacture a compound ofFormula IV or its ester or salt thereof,

wherein J is selected from the group consisting of an optionallysubstituted unsaturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and anoptionally substituted saturated acyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated acyl and optionally substitutedsaturated acyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising: reacting a compound of Formula V

with a compound of Formula VII,

wherein m is an integer selected from 1 to 7; n is an integer selectedfrom 1 to 7; and a compound selected from the group consisting ofsuccinic acid anhydride, glutaric acid anhydride, adipic acid anhydride,suberic acid anhydride, sebacic acid anhydride, azelaic acid anhydride,phthalic acid anhydride, maleic acid anhydride, and acetic acidanhydride, all of which may optionally be substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of protected hydroxy,alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, protected amino, halo, protected carboxyand cyano; and separating and isolating said compound of Formula IV. 6.The process of claim 1 to manufacture a compound of Formula VIII, IX orX or its ester or salt thereof,

the process comprising: reacting a compound of Formula V

with a compound of Formula VII,

wherein m is an integer selected from 1 to 7; n is an integer selectedfrom 1 to 7; and a compound selected from the group consisting ofsuccinice acid anhydride, glutaric acid anhydride, and acetic acidanhydride, all of which may optionally be substituted by one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of protected hydroxy,alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, protected amino, halo, protected carboxyand cyano; and separating and isolating said compound of Formula VIII,IX or X.
 7. The process of claim 1 to manufacture a compound of FormulaVIII, IX or X or its ester or salt thereof,

the process comprising: reacting a compound of Formula V

with a compound of Formula DBU or DBN,

and a compound selected from the group consisting of succinic acidanhydride, glutaric acid anhydride, and acetic acid anhydride, all ofwhich may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents selectedfrom the group consisting of protected hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl,nitro, protected amino, halo, protected carboxy and cyano; andseparating and isolating said compound of Formula VIII, IX or X.
 8. Theprocess of claim 1 to manufacture a compound of Formula VIII or itsester or salt thereof,

the process comprising: reacting a compound of Formula V

with a compound of Formula DBU,

and succinic acid anhydride; and separating and isolating said compoundof Formula VIII.
 9. The process of claim 1 to manufacture a compound ofFormula VIII or its ester or salt thereof,

the process comprising: reacting a compound of Formula V

with a compound of Formula DBU,

and succinic acid anhydride; and further comprising the addition of analkaline carbonate; and separating and isolating said compound ofFormula VIII.
 10. A process for manufacturing a compound of Formula I orits ester or salt thereof,

wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, and Z⁴ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen and alkyl, said alkyl optionally substituted byhydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, amino, halo, carboxy and cyano; Z⁵and Z⁶ are the same or different and independently selected from thegroup consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl all of which can beoptionally substituted by hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl, nitro, amino,halo, carboxy and cyano; Z⁵ and Z⁶ can come together to form acarbocyclic ring; M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,an optionally substituted unsaturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbonatoms, and an optionally substituted saturated alkyl having from 1 to 10carbon atoms, said optionally substituted unsaturated alkyl andoptionally substituted saturated alkyl optionally containing a polar orcharged functionality; and J is selected from the group consisting of anoptionally substituted unsaturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbonatoms, and an optionally substituted saturated alkyl having from 1 to 10carbon atoms, said optionally substituted unsaturated alkyl andoptionally substituted saturated alkyl optionally containing a polar orcharged functionality; the process comprising: reacting a compound ofFormula II

wherein Z¹, Z², Z³, Z⁴, Z⁵ and Z⁶ are as previously defined, with acompound of Formula III,

wherein Y is R² or NR²R⁵; R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ are independentlyselected from an optionally substituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or an optionallysubstituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl; R¹ and R² can optionally come together toform a ring; R³ and R⁴ can optionally come together to form a ring; anda compound selected the group consisting of a saturated or unsaturatedalkyl halide, saturated or unsaturated alkyl-O-sulfonyl alkyl, asaturated or unsaturated alkyl-O-sulfonyl aryl, a saturated orunsaturated alkyl-O-acyl, and a saturated or unsaturated epoxide, all ofwhich may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents selectedfrom the group consisting of protected hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl,nitro, protected amino, halo, protected carboxy, epoxide and cyano; andseparating and isolating the compound of Formula I.
 11. The process ofclaim 10 to manufacture a compound of Formula IV or its ester or saltthereof,

wherein J is selected from the group consisting of an optionallysubstituted unsaturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and anoptionally substituted saturated alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms,said optionally substituted unsaturated alkyl and optionally substitutedsaturated alkyl optionally containing a polar or charged functionality;the process comprising: reacting a compound of Formula V

with a compound of Formula III,

wherein Y is R¹ or NR²R⁵; R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ are independentlyselected from an optionally substituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or an optionallysubstituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl; R¹ and R² can optionally come together toform a ring; R³ and R⁴ can optionally come together to form a ring; anda compound selected from the group consisting of a saturated orunsaturated alkyl halide, saturated or unsaturated alkyl-O-sulfonylalkyl, a saturated or unsaturated alkyl-O-sulfonyl aryl, a saturated orunsaturated alkyl-O-acyl, and a saturated or unsaturated epoxide, all ofwhich may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents selectedfrom the group consisting of protected hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, acyl,nitro, protected amino, halo, protected carboxy, epoxide and cyano; andseparating and isolating the compound of Formula IV.